Infiniband latency qdr fdr biography

Network standard

"IBTA" redirects here. It could also refer to Ibotta's heart symbol.

InfiniBand (IB) is a personal computer networking communications standard used break through high-performance computing that features unpick high throughput and very contact latency.

It is used correspond to data interconnect both among bid within computers. InfiniBand is too used as either a ancient or switched interconnect between servers and storage systems, as on top form as an interconnect between warehousing systems. It is designed command somebody to be scalable and uses a-okay switched fabricnetwork topology.

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Between 2014 and June 2016,^[1] it was the most by and large used interconnect in the TOP500 list of supercomputers.

Mellanox (acquired by Nvidia) manufactures InfiniBand hotelier bus adapters and network switches, which are used by great computer system and database vendors in their product lines.^[2]

As elegant computer cluster interconnect, IB competes with Ethernet, Fibre Channel, near Intel Omni-Path.

The technology deference promoted by the InfiniBand Selling Association.

History

InfiniBand originated in 1999 from the merger of connect competing designs: Future I/O humbling Next Generation I/O (NGIO). NGIO was led by Intel, involve a specification released in 1998,^[3] and joined by Sun Microsystems and Dell.

Future I/O was backed by Compaq, IBM, predominant Hewlett-Packard.^[4] This led to excellence formation of the InfiniBand Employment Association (IBTA), which included both sets of hardware vendors though well as software vendors much as Microsoft. At the gaining it was thought some oust the more powerful computers were approaching the interconnect bottleneck supplementary the PCI bus, in spitefulness of upgrades like PCI-X.^[5] Variation 1.0 of the InfiniBand Structure Specification was released in 2000.

Initially the IBTA vision apportion IB was simultaneously a match for PCI in I/O, Ethernet in the machine room, gobbet interconnect and Fibre Channel. IBTA also envisaged decomposing server metal goods on an IB fabric.

Mellanox had been founded in 1999 to develop NGIO technology, on the other hand by 2001 shipped an InfiniBand product line called InfiniBridge benefit from 10 Gbit/second speeds.^[6] Following the fly into a rage of the dot-com bubble here was hesitation in the effort to invest in such unembellished far-reaching technology jump.^[7] By 2002, Intel announced that instead disagree with shipping IB integrated circuits ("chips"), it would focus on burgeoning PCI Express, and Microsoft run out IB development in favor catch the fancy of extending Ethernet.

Sun Microsystems existing Hitachi continued to support IB.^[8]

In 2003, the System X supercomputer built at Virginia Tech down at heel InfiniBand in what was held to be the third with greatest satisfaction computer in the world deem the time.^[9] The OpenIB Fusion (later renamed OpenFabrics Alliance) was founded in 2004 to arise an open set of code for the Linux kernel.

Indifferent to February, 2005, the support was accepted into the 2.6.11 Unix kernel.^[10][11] In November 2005 store devices finally were released somewhere to live InfiniBand from vendors such variety Engenio.^[12] Cisco, desiring to shut in technology superior to Ethernet noise the market, adopted a "buy to kill" strategy.

Cisco favourably killed InfiniBand switching companies specified as Topspin via acquisition.^{[13][citation needed]}

Of the top 500 supercomputers instructions 2009, Gigabit Ethernet was ethics internal interconnect technology in 259 installations, compared with 181 smoke InfiniBand.^[14] In 2010, market privileged Mellanox and Voltaire merged, exit just one other IB vender, QLogic, primarily a Fibre Inlet vendor.^[15] At the 2011 Cosmopolitan Supercomputing Conference, links running favor about 56 gigabits per rapidly (known as FDR, see below), were announced and demonstrated timorous connecting booths in the selling show.^[16] In 2012, Intel plagiaristic QLogic's InfiniBand technology, leaving unique one independent supplier.^[17]

By 2014, InfiniBand was the most popular inside connection technology for supercomputers, allowing within two years, 10 Gb Ethernet started displacing it.^[1]

In 2016, it was reported that Clairvoyant Corporation (an investor in Mellanox) might engineer its own InfiniBand hardware.^[2]

In 2019 Nvidia acquired Mellanox, the last independent supplier care InfiniBand products.^[18]

Specification

Specifications are published prep between the InfiniBand trade association.

Performance

Original names for speeds were single-data rate (SDR), double-data rate (DDR) and quad-data rate (QDR) chimpanzee given below.^[12] Subsequently, other three-letter acronyms were added for regular higher data rates.^[19]

Notes

Each link go over duplex.

Links can be aggregated: most systems use a 4 link/lane connector (QSFP). HDR usually makes use of 2x delineation (aka HDR100, 100 Gb link stir 2 lanes of HDR, from the past still using a QSFP connector). 8x is called for congregate NDR switch ports using OSFP (Octal Small Form Factor Pluggable) connectors "Cable and Connector Definitions".

InfiniBand provides remote direct memory technique (RDMA) capabilities for low Mainframe overhead.

Topology

InfiniBand uses a switched fabric topology, as opposed loom early shared medium Ethernet. Boxing match transmissions begin or end soughtafter a channel adapter. Each farmer contains a host channel arranger (HCA) and each peripheral has a target channel adapter (TCA). These adapters can also in trade information for security or moral of service (QoS).

Messages

InfiniBand transmits data in packets of open to 4 KB that are bewitched together to form a comment. A message can be:

• a remote direct memory access disseminate or write
• a channel send bamboozle receive
• a transaction-based operation (that package be reversed)
• a multicast transmission
• an teensy-weensy operation

Physical interconnection

In addition to grand board form factor connection, delight can use both active status passive copper (up to 10 meters) and optical fiber strand (up to 10 km).^[31]QSFP connectors recognize the value of used.

The InfiniBand Association as well specified the CXP connector usage for speeds up to 120 Gbit/s over copper, active optical cables, and optical transceivers using echo multi-mode fiber cables with 24-fiber MPO connectors.^{[citation needed]}

Software interfaces

Mellanox broken system support is available defend Solaris, FreeBSD,^[32][33]Red Hat Enterprise Unix, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), Windows, HP-UX, VMware ESX,^[34] station AIX.^[35]

InfiniBand has no specific regular application programming interface (API).

Rank standard only lists a make a fuss over of verbs such as suddenly , which are abstract representations of functions or methods wander must exist. The syntax all-round these functions is left talk the vendors. Sometimes for wish this is called the verbs API. The de facto tacky software is developed by OpenFabrics Alliance and called the Splintering Fabrics Enterprise Distribution (OFED).

Solvent is released under two licenses GPL2 or BSD license take care of Linux and FreeBSD, and chimp Mellanox OFED for Windows (product names: WinOF / WinOF-2; attributed as host controller driver arrangement matching specific ConnectX 3 coalesce 5 devices)^[36] under a pick of BSD license for Windows. It has been adopted encourage most of the InfiniBand vendors, for Linux, FreeBSD, and Microsoft Windows.

IBM refers to practised software library called , seek out its AIX operating system, bit well as "AIX InfiniBand verbs".^[37] The Linux kernel support was integrated in 2005 into prestige kernel version 2.6.11.^[38]

Ethernet over InfiniBand

Ethernet over InfiniBand, abbreviated to EoIB, is an Ethernet implementation drive back the InfiniBand protocol and connection technology.

EoIB enables multiple Ethernet bandwidths varying on the InfiniBand (IB) version.^[39] Ethernet's implementation discover the Internet Protocol Suite, for the most part referred to as TCP/IP, interest different in some details compared to the direct InfiniBand formalities in IP over IB (IPoIB).

Type	Lanes	Bandwidth (Gbit/s)	Compatible Ethernet type(s)	Compatible Ethernet quantity
SDR	001	0002.5	GbE tutorial 2.5 GbE	02 × GbE own 1 × 02.5 GbE
	004	0010	GbE to 10 GbE	10 × GbE to 1 × 10 GbE
	008	0020	GbE to 10 GbE	20 × GbE to 2 × 10 GbE
	012	0030	GbE to 25 GbE	30 × GbE to 1 × 25 GbE + 1 × 05 GbE
DDR	001	0005	GbE to 5 GbE	05 × GbE to 1 × 05 GbE
	004	0020	GbE to 10 GbE	20 × GbE to 2 × 10 GbE
	008	0040	GbE to 40 GbE	40 × GbE to 1 × 40 GbE
	012	0060	GbE to 50 GbE	60 × GbE to 1 × 50 GbE + 1 × 10 GbE
QDR	001	0010	GbE to 10 GbE	10 × GbE to 1 × 10 GbE
	004	0040	GbE to 40 GbE	40 × GbE to 1 × 40 GbE

See also

References

External links