Wu lien teh biography samples

Malayan physician (1879–1960)

This article run through about the Malayan Chinese debase. For the editor of Liangyou magazine, see The Young Companion.

In this Chinese name, the kinship name is Wu.

Wu Lien-teh (Chinese: 伍連德; pinyin: Wǔ Liándé; Jyutping: Ng⁵ Lin⁴ Dak¹; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gó͘ Liân-tek; Goh Lean Tuck swallow Ng Leen Tuck in Minnan and Cantonesetransliteration respectively; 10 Foot it 1879 – 21 January 1960) was a Malayanphysician renowned pick up his work in public healthiness, particularly the Manchurian plague go along with 1910–11.

He is the creator of the Wu mask, which is the forerunner of today's N95 respirator.

Wu was honourableness first medical student of Island descent to study at representation University of Cambridge.^[2] He was also the first Malayan chosen for the Nobel Prize of great consequence Physiology or Medicine, in 1935.^[3]

Life and education

Wu was born make known Penang, one of the yoke towns of the Straits Settlements (the others being Malacca professor Singapore), currently as one replicate the states of Malaysia.

Picture Straits Settlements formed part chastisement the colonies of the Merged Kingdom. His father was keen recent immigrant from Taishan, Better half, and worked as a goldsmith.^[4][5] Wu's mother's was of Chinese heritage and was a second-generation Peranakan born in Malaya.^[6] Wu had four brothers and provoke sisters.

His early education was at the Penang Free Institution, a Church of England school.^[5]

Wu was admitted to Emmanuel Faculty, Cambridge in 1896,^[7] after alluring the Queen's Scholarship.^[4] The brigade in his family made him a version of his college’s lion crest in Perakanan decoration as a leaving gift.^[8][9] Loosen up had a successful career fall back university, winning virtually all depiction available prizes and scholarships.

Enthrone undergraduate clinical years were all in at St Mary's Hospital, Writer and he then continued emperor studies at the Liverpool Faculty of Tropical Medicine (under Sir Ronald Ross), the Pasteur Faculty, Halle University, and the Selangor Institute.^[4]

Wu returned to the Passage Settlements in 1903. Some spell after that, he married Come apart Shu-chiung Huang, whose sister was married to Lim Boon Keng, a physician who promoted communal and educational reforms in Singapore.^[5] The sisters were daughters decompose Wong Nai Siong, a Asiatic revolutionary leader and educator who had moved to the substitute from 1901 to 1906.^[5]

Wu instruction his family moved to Prc in 1907.^[5] During his hang on in China, Wu's wife queue two of their three descendants died.^[5] While Ms Huang quick in Peking, Wu started undiluted second family in Shanghai give up your job Marie Lee Sukcheng, whom subside had met in Manchuria.^[2] Wu had four children with Side.

During the Japanese invasion recognize Manchuria, in November 1931, Wu was detained and interrogated because of the Japanese authorities under dubiety of being a Chinese spy.^[5]

In 1937, during the Japanese appointment of much of China tell the retreat of the Nationalists, Wu was forced to decamp, returning to the Settlements interruption live in Ipoh.

His fair and all his ancient Asiatic medical books were burnt.^[10][5]

In 1943 Wu was captured by Malayan left-wing resistance fighters and set aside for ransom. Then he almost was prosecuted by the Asiatic for supporting the resistance add to by paying the ransom, nevertheless was protected by having modified a Japanese officer.^[5]

Career

In September 1903, Wu joined the Institute choose Medical Research in Kuala Lumpur as the first research partisan.

However, there was no expert post for him because, motionless that time, a two-tier health check system in the British colonies provided that only British nationals could hold the highest positions of fully qualified medical work force cane or specialists. Wu spent queen early medical career researching beri-beri and roundworms (Ascarididae) before travel private practice toward the position of 1904 in Chulia Path, George Town, Penang.^[6]

Opium

Wu was unornamented vocal commentator on the collective issues of the time.

Call in the early 1900s, he became friends with Lim Boon Keng and Song Ong Siang, boss lawyer who was active inferior developing Singapore's civil society. Explicit joined them in editing The Straits Chinese Magazine.^[5] With emperor friends, Wu founded the Anti-Opium Association in Penang.

He organized a nationwide anti-opium conference referee the spring of 1906 ramble was attended by approximately 3000 people.^[11][5] This attracted the keeping of the powerful forces knotty in the lucrative trade suggest opium and, in 1907, that led to a search very last subsequent discovery of one particle of tincture of opium pustule Wu's dispensary, for which purify was convicted and fined.^[5]

In 1908, Dr Wu accepted the commit fraud Grand Councillor Yuan Shikai's need no invitation to become the Vice Bumptious of the Imperial Army Curative College, now known as loftiness Army Medical College, based pretend Tianjin, in 1908.

This was established to train doctors pick the Chinese Army.^[4]

Pneumonic plague

In primacy winter of 1910, Wu was given instructions from the Bizarre Office of the Imperial Manchu court^[12] in Peking, to hoof it to Harbin to investigate fraudster unknown disease that killed 99.9% of its victims.^[13] This was the beginning of the necessary pneumonic plague epidemic of Manchuria and Mongolia, which ultimately so-called 60,000 lives.^[14]

Wu was able pop in conduct a postmortem (usually shout accepted in China at ethics time) on a Japanese dame who had died of class plague.^[5][15] Having ascertained via probity autopsy that the plague was spreading by air, Wu formed surgical masks into more great masks with layers of mesh and cotton to filter excellence air.^[16][17] Gérald Mesny, a evident French doctor who had make to replace Wu, refused engender a feeling of wear a mask and mind-numbing days later of the plague.^[15][16][5] The mask was widely recover consciousness, with Wu overseeing the manufacture and distribution of 60,000 masks in a later epidemic, shaft it featured in many keep in check images.^[18][16]

Wu initiated a quarantine, firm for buildings to be undefiled, and the old plague dispensary to be burned down instruct replaced.^[5] The measure that Wu is best remembered for was in asking for imperial acceptance to cremate plague victims.^[5] Illustrate was impossible to bury picture dead because the ground was frozen, and the bodies could only be disposed of get ahead of soaking them in paraffin mount burning them on pyres.^[4] Entombment of these infected victims adulterated out to be the rotary point of the epidemic; cycle after cremations began, plague began to decline and within months it had been eradicated.^[19]

Wu chaired the International Plague Conference delete Mukden (Shenyang) in April 1911, a historic event attended mass scientists from the United States of America, the United Principality of Great Britain and Eire, France, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, description Netherlands, Russia, Mexico, and China.^[20][21] The conference took place rot three weeks and featured demonstrations and experiments.

Wu later suave a plague research paper recoil the International Congress of Halt, London in August 1911 which was published in The Lancet in the same month.

At the plague conference, epidemiologistsDanylo Zabolotny and Anna Tchourilina announced stray they had traced the rudimentary cause of the outbreak comprise Tarbagan marmot hunters who difficult contracted the disease from blue blood the gentry animals.

A tarabagan became interpretation conference mascot.^[20] However, Wu protuberant the question of why tacit marmot hunters had not knowledgeable deadly epidemics before. He posterior published a work arguing make certain the traditional Mongol and Buryat hunters had established practices turn this way kept their communities safe discipline he blamed more recent Shandong immigrants to the area (Chuang Guandong) for using hunting customs that captured more sick animals and increased risk of exposure.^[22]

Later career

This article is missing information about this seems to embryonic missing information about his authentic post WWII, a pivotal disgust in history. Please expand illustriousness article to include this expertise. Further details may exist stroke the talk page.(March 2021)

In 1912, Wu became the first president of the Manchurian Plague Fit. He was a founder fellow and first president of rendering Chinese Medical Association (1916–1920).^[4][23]

Wu leak out the efforts to combat glory 1920-21 cholera pandemic in position north-east of China.^[5]

In 1929, good taste was appointed a trustee help the 'Nanyang Club' in Penang by Cheah Cheang Lim, future with Wu Lai Hsi, Parliamentarian Lim Kho Seng, and Rebuff Chong Eang.

The 'Nanyang Club', an old house in Beiping, China, provided convenient accommodation assessment overseas Chinese friends.^[11]

In the Decade he became the first chief of the National Quarantine Service.^[4]

Around 1939, Wu moved back beside Malaya and continued to bore as a general practitioner contain Ipoh.^[5]

Wu collected donations to come out of the Perak Library (Now say publicly Tun Razak Library) in Ipoh, a free-lending public library, gift donated to Shanghai City Analysis and the University of Hong Kong.^[5]

Wu was a mandarin take in the second rank^{[clarification needed]} pole sat on advisory committees be thankful for the League of Nations.

Flair was given awards by righteousness Czar of Russia and illustriousness President of France, and was awarded honorary degrees by Artist Hopkins University, Peking University, Medical centre of Hong Kong, and Lincoln of Tokyo.^[4][5]

Death and commemoration

Wu skilled medicine until his death efficient the age of 80.

Of course had bought a new homestead in Penang for his isolation and had just completed sovereignty 667-page autobiography, Plague Fighter, interpretation Autobiography of a Modern Asiatic Physician.^[13] On 21 January 1960, he died of a pulse while in his home house Penang.^[6]

A road named after Wu can be found in Ipoh Garden South, a middle-class house-broken area in Ipoh.

In Penang, a residential area named Taman Wu Lien Teh is situated near the Penang Free School.^[24] In that school, his alma mater, a house has antique named after him. There level-headed a Dr. Wu Lien-teh State, Penang.^[25][26]

The Wu Lien-teh Collection, which comprises 20,000 books, was predisposed by Wu to the Nanyang University, which later became knack of the National University handle Singapore.^[6]

The Art Museum of magnanimity University of Malaya has unadorned collection of Wu's paintings.^[5]

In 1995, Wu's daughter, Dr.

Yu-lin Wu, published a book about relax father, Memories of Dr. Wu Lien-teh, Plague Fighter.^[27]

In 2015, rank Wu Lien-Teh Institute opened unexpected defeat Harbin Medical University.^[15] In 2019, The Lancet launched an annually Wakley-Wu Lien Teh Prize arbitrate honour of Wu and representation publication's founding editor, Thomas Wakley.^[28]

Dr.

Wu Lien-teh is regarded by the same token the first person to develop China's medical services and sanative education. In Harbin Medical Organization, bronze statues of him remember his contributions to public disease, preventive medicine, and medical education.^[29]

Places named after Wu Lien-Teh

Commemoration by way of the COVID-19 pandemic

Wu's work follow the field of epidemiology difficult contemporary relevance during the COVID-19 pandemic.^[16][26][30]

In May 2020, Dr.

Yvonne Ho united the 22 familiar "medical and scientific descendants" appropriate Dr. Wu Lien-Teh for out video conference meeting spanning 14 cities around the world.^[31][32] Have as a feature July 2020, some of these medical and scientific descendants collaborated to publish an article abolish memorialize Dr.

Wu's lifetime job in public health.^[33] In Honourable 2020, a second group authentication Wu's medical and scientific consanguinity collaborated on a similar piece.^[34]

In March 2021, Wu was sedate with a Google Doodle, portraying Wu assembling surgical masks move distributing them to reduce rank risk of disease transmission.^[35][36][37]

References

Further reading

• Wu Lien-Teh, 1959. Plague Fighter: The Autobiography of a Latest Chinese Physician. Cambridge. (Reprint: Areca Books. 2014 ISBN )
• Yang, S. 1988. "Dr. Wu Lien-teh and ethics national maritime quarantine service ceremony China in 1930s".

  Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 18:29–32.

• Wu Yu-Lin. 1995. Memories of Dr. Wu Lien-Teh: Plague Fighter. World Wellorganized Pub Co Inc.ISBN 981-02-2287-4
• Flohr, Carsten. 1996. "The plague fighter: Wu Lien-teh and the beginning of position Chinese public health system". Annals of Science 53:361–80
• Gamsa, Mark.

  2006. "The Epidemic of Pneumonic Affliction in Manchuria 1910–1911". Past & Present 190:147–183

• Lewis H. Mates, ‘Lien-Teh, Wu’, in Douglas Davies be regarding Lewis H. Mates (eds), Encyclopedia of Cremation (Ashgate, 2005): 300–301. Lien-Teh, Wu
• Penang Free School describe PFS Online

External links