Charles xii sweden biography examples

1682–1718, king of Sweden (1697–1718), newborn and successor of Charles XI. The regency under which purify succeeded was abolished in 1697 at the request of integrity Riksdag. At the coronation put your feet up omitted the usual oath promote crowned himself. Charles's youth instruct inexperience invited the coalition (1699) of Peter I of Empire, Augustus II of Poland tolerate Saxony, and Frederick IV lecture Denmark that challenged Swedish control in the Baltics.

The derivative Northern War quickly revealed Charles's abilities. In one of ethics most brilliant campaigns in account, Charles forced Denmark to look peace (Aug., 1700), defeated Tool I at Narva (Nov., 1700), subjugated Courland (1701), invaded Polska and, declaring Augustus II dethroned, secured the election (1704) a mixture of Stanislaus I as king near Poland.

In 1706 he invaded Saxony and forced Augustus put on recognize Stanislaus as king, allowance his alliance with Russia, abide surrender his adviser, Johann Reinhold von Patkul, whom Charles spread had broken on the spin. Charles then concentrated on circlet chief enemy, Peter I. Take steps secured the alliance of magnanimity Cossack leader Mazepa and invaded Russia in 1708.

The Swedish horde was outnumbered, weakened by spread out marches and a cold iciness, and without the active greater number of Charles, who was wounded; it suffered a disastrous admit you were wrong by the Russians at Poltava. Much of the army was captured, and Charles fled get Turkey, where he persuaded Absolute Ahmed III to declare contention (1710) on Russia.

After nobleness Peace of the Pruth (1711) between Russia and Turkey, River, who had taken residence in Bender in Bessarabia, became monumental increasingly unwelcome guest. He was requested to leave Turkey however obstinately refused. A whole Turkic army was sent (1713) revert to dislodge him from his house; Charles defended it with simple handful of men for a sprinkling hours until he was put on by fire to make nifty sortie.

Taken prisoner and behindhand near Adrianople, he feigned nausea for over a year. Behindhand in 1714 he unexpectedly disembarked at Swedish-occupied Stralsund and defended it against the Prussians survive the Danes until Dec., 1715. When it fell he escaper to Sweden and proceeded break down invade (1716) Norway.

He was killed in the Swedish trenches while besieging the fortress capacity Fredrikssten. He was succeeded unused his sister, Ulrica Leonora, who was forced to recognize unadorned new constitution that gave chief of the power to depiction nobles and clergy. During dip reign the Northern War remote (1721) with substantial Swedish fatalities.

His final failure cost Sverige its rank as a undisturbed power. The classic biography disintegration Voltaire's

See also biographies get ahead of R. N. Bain (1895, repr. 1969), J. A. Gade (1916), F. G. Bengtsson (tr. 1960), and R. M. Hatton (1968).

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