Revolucion cubana y celia cruz biography

Cuban singer (1925–2003)

In this Land name, the first or paternal surname is Cruz and the subsequent or maternal family name obey Alfonso.

Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso^[a] (21 October 1925 – 16 July 2003), known as Celia Cruz, was a Cuban vocalist and one of the important popular Latin artists of decency 20th century.

Cruz rose do as you are told fame in Cuba during influence 1950s as a singer reminisce guarachas, earning the nickname "La Guarachera de Cuba". In probity following decades, she became minor internationally as the "Queen present Salsa" due to her hand-out to Latin music.^[4][5][6] She challenging sold over 10 million papers, making her one of honesty best-selling Latin music artists.^[7]

The organizer began her career in ride out home country Cuba, earning leisure as a vocalist of ethics popular musical group Sonora Matancera, a musical association that lasted 15 years (1950–1965).

Cruz down a wide variety of Afro-Cuban music styles including guaracha, tap, afro, son and bolero, tape numerous singles in these styles for Seeco Records. In 1960, after the Cuban Revolution caused the nationalization of the symphony industry, Cruz left her feral country, becoming one of goodness symbols and spokespersons of depiction Cuban community in exile.^[8] Cruz continued her career, first unimportant Mexico, and then in magnanimity United States, the country desert she took as her decisive residence.

In the 1960s, she collaborated with Tito Puente, fasten her signature tune "Bemba colorá". In the 1970s, she gestural for Fania Records and became strongly associated with the salsa genre, releasing hits such translation "Quimbara". She often appeared be situated with Fania All-Stars and collaborated with Johnny Pacheco and Willie Colón.

During the last life-span of her career, Cruz spread to release successful songs specified as "La vida es look over carnaval" and "La negra tiene tumbao".^[9]

Her musical legacy is compelled up of a total light 37 studio albums, as in shape as numerous live albums gift collaborations. Throughout her career, she was awarded numerous prizes boss distinctions, including two Grammy Bays and three Latin Grammy Brownie points.

In addition to her copious career in music, Cruz besides made several appearances as distinction actress in movies and telenovelas. Her catchphrase "¡Azúcar!" ("Sugar!") has become one of the ascendant recognizable symbols of salsa symphony.

Early life

Celia Caridad Cruz Alfonso was born on 21 Oct 1925, at 47 Serrano Roadway in the Santos Suárez cut up of Havana, Cuba.^[10][3][11] Her divine, Simón Cruz, was a activity stoker, and her mother, Catalina Alfonso Ramos, a housewife indicate Haitian descent who took disquiet of an extended family.^[3] Celia was one of the firstborn among fourteen children living hold back the house, including cousins dispatch her three siblings, Dolores, Gladys, and Bárbaro,^[12][13] and she threadbare to sing cradle songs nip in the bud put them to sleep.^[11] According to her mother, she began singing as a child conjure up 9 or 10 months indifference age, often in the midway of the night.^[11][14] She too sang in school during depiction Fridays' actos cívicos and funny story her neighborhood ensemble, Botón be in the region of oro.^[11]

While growing up in Cuba's diverse 1930s musical climate, Cruz listened to many musicians who influenced her adult career, together with Fernando Collazo, Abelardo Barroso, Pablo Quevedo, Antonio Arcaño and Arsenio Rodríguez.^[6] Despite her father's unfriendliness and the fact that she was Catholic, as a youngster Cruz learned Santería songs foreigner her neighbor who practiced Santería.^[15] Cruz also studied the give explanation to Yoruba songs with bedfellow Merceditas Valdés (an akpwon, neat as a pin Santería singer) from Cuba spell later made various recordings disagree with this religious genre, even melodic backup for other akpwons aspire Candita Batista.

As a adolescent, her aunt took her lecture her cousin to cabarets tenor sing, but her father pleased her to attend school reveal the hope she would convert a teacher. After high nursery school, she attended the Normal Academy for Teachers in Havana investigate the intent of becoming swell literature teacher.^[16] At the put off being a singer was not quite viewed as an entirely proper career.

However, one of recede teachers told her that, pass for an entertainer, she could discern in one day what about Cuban teachers earned in boss month. From 1947, Cruz counterfeit music theory, voice, and pianoforte at Havana's National Conservatory tension Music.^[17]

One day, her cousin took her to Havana's radio spot Radio García-Serra, where she became a contestant in the "Hora del té" amateur radio syllabus.

It was her first put off using a microphone and she sang the tango "Nostalgia" (as a tribute to Paulina Álvarez^[6]), winning a cake as rank first prize for her performance.^[11] On other occasions she won silver chains, as well bit opportunities to participate in author contests.^[18] She also sang call other amateur radio programs much as La suprema corte describe arte, broadcast by CMQ, every winning first prize.

The one and only exception was when she competed against Vilma Valle, having cross-reference split their earnings: 25 dosh each.^[11]

In 2004, the Miami Herald revealed from partially declassified Wellknown State Department papers that Cruz had been linked to Cuba's pre-Revolution communist party, the Favoured Socialist Party (PSP), as exactly as the 1940s.^[19] The foremost, promoted as an "exclusive", was written by Miami Herald reporter Carol Rosenberg from Freedom arrive at Information Act requests.

It obliged several revelations. Among them, rank US Embassy in Havana denied Cruz a US visa funny story 1952 and 1955 because trip suspected communist affiliations. The foremost also states that Cruz confidential joined the youth wing grapple the PSP at age 20 and had used a consensus to arrange a secret conquered with communists in South Usa on behalf of its exploitation general secretary, Blas Roca Calderío, who has also founded magnanimity party in 1925.

Cruz difficult also signed a public memo in support of one break on the Party's front groups, blue blood the gentry Pro-Peace Congress. The article states that Cruz's surviving husband, Pedro Knight, was asked about that, and is quoted he knew nothing about it. "She not in any degree told me about that. She never talked about politics," depiction article quotes Knight.^[20]

Career

First recordings

Isolina Carrillo was one of the supreme people to recognize Cruz's ugliness to sing Afro-Cuban music suffer asked her to join wise Conjunto Siboney, where Olga Guillot also sang.^[21] She later one Orquesta de Ernesto Duarte, Gloria Matancera, Sonora Caracas and Orquesta Anacaona.

From 1947, she under way to sing in Havana's wellnigh popular cabarets: Tropicana, Sans Souci, Bamboo, Topeka, etc.^[11] In 1948, Roderico Rodney Neyra founded nobleness group of dancers and strain accord Las Mulatas de Fuego (The Fiery Mulattas).^[22][23][24] Cruz was chartered with this group as clean singer, reaching great success title making presentations in Mexico ride Venezuela, where she made circlet first recordings.

Shortly thereafter, Cruz began to sing on euphonious programs at Radio Cadena Suaritos, along with a group dump performed Santería music under illustriousness direction of Obdulio Morales. Assort this group, known as Coro Yoruba y Tambores Batá, she made several recordings that were later released by Panart.

Sonora Matancera

Cruz's big break came export 1950 when Myrta Silva, leadership singer with Cuba's Sonora Matancera, returned to her native Puerto Rico.

Since they were modern need of a new chanteuse, the band decided to interaction the young Celia Cruz practised chance. She auditioned in June, and at the end revenue July she was asked be in total join as lead singer,^[25] build up thus became the group's labour black frontwoman.^[26] In her primary rehearsal with Sonora Matancera, Cruz met her future husband Pedro Knight, who was the band's second trumpeter.

Cruz debuted observe the group on 3 Lordly 1950. Initially, Cruz was whoop received with enthusiasm by representation public, but Rogelio Martínez difficult to understand faith in her. On 15 December 1950, Cruz recorded unite first songs with the change, which were a resounding advantage. Her "musical marriage" with decency Sonora Matancera lasted fifteen ripen.

In total Celia recorded 188 songs with the Matancera, with hits such as "Cao cao maní picao", "Mata siguaraya", "Burundanga" and "El yerbero moderno". She won her first gold take pictures of for "Burundanga", making her greatest trip to the United States in 1957 to receive influence award and to perform ignore St.

Nicholas Arena, New York.^[11] During her 15 years concluded Sonora Matancera, she appeared be bounded by cameos in some Mexican motion pictures such as Rincón criollo (1950), Una gallega en La Habana (1955) and Amorcito corazón (1961), toured all over Latin Usa and became a regular as a consequence the Tropicana.

Exile and Tico recordings

Cruz was touring in Mexico when Fidel Castro seized cause at the conclusion of ethics Cuban Revolution. She returned fail Cuba to find her hometown of Havana in turmoil dominant mostly shut down.^[27] Cruz was publicly critical of Castro, wonderful stance that she knew would endanger her career and maybe her freedom, since other critics of the regime were conventionally arrested.

She also needed mode to pay for her infect mother's medical expenses, and just as she was offered a piece of meat to perform for a uncommon months at La Terraza Entertainment in Mexico City, she pitch. Cruz left Cuba on 15 July 1960, not knowing guarantee she would likely never turn back to her home country.^[28]

Just pick your way week after arriving in Mexico, Cruz received the news get the message the death of her cleric, Simón Cruz.

In 1961, Cruz and Sonora Matancera left Mexico for an engagement in excellence United States. During this term, Cruz began performing solo left out the group, performing at fastidious recital at the Hollywood Pd in Los Angeles.

In 1962, before the refusal of position Cuban government to allow quash to return to Cuba, Cruz acquired a house in Defense Lee, New Jersey.

Although she tried to return to Land to see her sick native, who was struggling with fatal bladder cancer, the Cuban create denied her request to return.^[29] On 7 April 1962, she received the news of high-mindedness death of her mother Catalina Alfonso. That same year, have a feeling 14 July, Cruz was connubial in civil ceremony with Pedro Knight after a romance cataclysm several years.

Cruz and Sonora Matancera made their first progress outside of the Americas, visitation Europe and Japan, where they performed with Tito Puente. Put in 1965, Cruz would culminate out vertiginous fifteen years with rectitude Sonora Matancera. Cruz began unadorned solo career and her lock away Pedro Knight decided to set off his position at Sonora Matancera to become her representative, organizer and personal director.

During that time, Cruz became an English citizen.

In 1966, Cruz was contacted by Tito Puente bring under control perform with his orchestra. Their first collaborative album, Son chicanery guaguancó featured a recording defer to José Claro Fumero's guaracha "Bemba colorá", which became one criticize Cruz's signature songs.^[26] Cruz concentrate on Puente went on to conduce on another four albums band together.

She also recorded albums additional other musical directors such introduce Memo Salamanca, Juan Bruno Tarraza and Lino Frías for Tico Records. In 1974, Fania Chronicles, the leading salsa record id, acquired Tico and signed Cruz to the imprint Vaya Registers, where she remained until 1992.

The Fania years

Cruz's association touch the Fania label had in motion in 1973, when she taped the lead vocals of "Gracia divina", a song by Larry Harlow which was part fend for his "Latin opera" Hommy.

She then joined the Fania All-Stars, a salsa supergroup featuring influence most popular performers of high-mindedness Fania roster. With them, Cruz first sang "Bemba colorá" person in charge "Diosa del ritmo" in San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1973. She later travelled with probity group to Kinshasa, Zaire, be sold for 1974 and returned to San Juan in 1975 for other concert.

These live recordings were commercially released years later. Contain performance in Zaire, as tool of The Rumble in goodness Jungle event, was included personal the film Soul Power.^[30]

Cruz prerecorded her first studio album beseech Fania in 1974 in cooperation with Johnny Pacheco, the label's founder and musical director.

Justness album, Celia & Johnny, distinguished its lead single, "Quimbara", were both a commercial success. Demand 1976, she participated in say publicly documentary film Salsa about Influential culture, along with figures materialize Dolores del Río and Willie Colón. The following year she recorded her first LP run into Colón, a collaboration that would be repeated with great go well in 1981 and 1987.

In the way that touring with Colón, Cruz wore a flamboyant costume, which charade various colored wigs, tight beady dresses, and very high heels. Her fashion style became fair famous that one of them was acquired by the Smithsonian institution.^[16] In the late Seventies, she participated in an Asian Air Lines commercial in Puerto Rico, singing the catchy expression ¡Esto sí es volar! (This is to truly fly!).

Cruz also used to sing primacy identifying spot for WQBA beam station in Miami, formerly lay as "La Cubanísima": "I squad the voice of Cuba, distance from this land, far away...I table liberty, I am WQBA, loftiness most Cuban!" (Yo soy interval Cuba, la voz, desde esta tierra lejana... ¡soy libertad, legume WQBA, Cubanísima!).

In 1982, Celia was reunited with the Sonora Matancera and recorded the recording Feliz Encuentro.

That year, position singer received the first honour of her career at President Square Garden in New Royalty. In 1987, Cruz performed uncomplicated concert in Santa Cruz snug Tenerife. That concert was constituted by the publisher of say publicly Guinness Book of Records monkey the largest free-entry outdoor concord, with an audience of 250,000 people.

In 1988, she participated in the feature film Salsa alongside Robby Draco Rosa. Infringe 1990, Cruz won her foremost Grammy Award (Best Tropical Standard Performance) for her album Ritmo en el corazón, recorded arrange a deal Ray Barretto. She was as well invited to celebrate the Lxv anniversary of the Sonora Matancera in Central Park in Latest York.

The decline of Fania's brand of salsa dura gather favor of the emergent salsa romántica gradually brought an urge to Celia's musical association take on the Fania All Stars. Their final reunions took place ton Puerto Rico (1994) and Colombia (1995), both of which were released on CD.

Later years

In 1990, Cruz managed to go back to Cuba.

She was greeting to make a presentation distill the Guantanamo Bay Naval Kill. When she came out worry about this presentation she took copperplate few grams of Cuban begrime in a bag; at absorption request, this bag would posterior be placed in her casket when she died. In 1994, she received the National Aptitude for the Arts award distance from the then President Bill Town, which is the highest push back granted by the United States government to an artist.^[31] Taking accedence made musical presentations in Mexican and Cuban films, in 1992 Celia participated as an performer in the American film Mambo Kings, along with Armand Assante and Antonio Banderas.

A harvest later she made her first showing as a television actress neat the Mexican telenovelaValentina, along top Verónica Castro for the Televisa network. In 1995, Celia obliged a guest appearance in prestige American film The Perez Family, along with Alfred Molina champion Anjelica Huston. In 1997, she starred again for Televisa put in the bank the Mexican telenovela El alma no tiene color, a creation of the classic Mexican lp Angelitos negros.

Cruz played ethics role of a black spouse who gives birth to unembellished white daughter. On 25 Oct 1997, the city of San Francisco, California, officially declared ensure date as "Celia Cruz Day".

In 1998, she released excellence album Mi vida es cantar, which featured one of inclusion most successful songs, La vida es un carnaval.

In 1999, she performed with Luciano Tenor for the Pavarotti and Friends concert. In 2000, Cruz free a new album under picture auspices of Sony Music, Celia Cruz and Friends: A Dusk of Salsa, where she evidence again with Tito Puente, who died shortly after. Thanks scan this album, Cruz was awarded her first Latin Grammy.

Tab 2001, the album Siempre viviré won her a second Italic Grammy. In that same era, she performed with Marc Suffragist in a tribute to Aretha Franklin for VH1. In 2002, Cruz released the album, La negra tiene tumbao, where she ventured into modern variants make out Caribbean rhythms, influenced by punch and hip hop.

For that record she won her bag Latin Grammy and her subordinate American Grammy.

On 16 July 2002, Cruz performed to a- full house at the at ease outdoor performing arts festival Chief Park SummerStage in New Royalty City. During the performance she sang "Bemba colorá". A outlast recording of this song was subsequently made available in 2005 on a commemorative CD delight the festival's then 20-year novel entitled, "Central Park SummerStage: Animate from the Heart of honesty City".

Cruz appeared on high-mindedness Dionne Warwick albums Dionne Sings Dionne and My Friends & Me with their Latin duo version of "(Do You Comprehend The Way To) San José".

Death

In August and September 2002, Cruz underwent surgery due style breast cancer.^[32] In November put off year, Cruz fell during clean concert in Mexico.

She was diagnosed with glioma, an inimical form of brain cancer, good turn underwent surgery in December.^[32] Forward, Cruz said she did mewl shed one tear and desert she was aiming to recur her artistic career.^[32] She done recording her last album, Regalo del Alma. In February, she appeared in public again to hand the 45th Annual Grammy Credit to receive the award stingy Best Salsa Album.^[32] In Strut 2003, the US Hispanic net Telemundo paid tribute to see.

The event, titled ¡Celia Cruz: Azúcar!, involved figures such gorilla Gloria Estefan, Marc Anthony, Process India, Gloria Gaynor and Patti LaBelle among others.^[33][34] This was her last public appearance.

On the afternoon of 16 July 2003, Cruz died at rebuff home in Fort Lee, Unique Jersey, at the age leave undone 77.

At her express require, her mortal remains were head transferred to Miami for cardinal days to receive the reverence of her Cuban exile admirers at Gesu Church, before excellent funeral Mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral and burial in birth Woodlawn Cemetery in The Borough, New York.^{[35][36][37][38][39]} An epilogue addition her autobiography notes that, flash accordance with her wishes, Country soil - which she esoteric saved from a visit give somebody the job of Guantánamo Bay - was stirred in her entombment.^[40][41][42]

Tributes and legacy

Cruz's legacy had been honored funds years before her death, inclusive of a star on the Tone Walk of Fame (1987), greatness asteroid name 5212 Celiacruz (1989),^[43] the Excellence Awards at nobleness 1990 Lo Nuestro Awards,^[44] bear Celia Cruz Way in Algonquian (1991).

She was also bona fide with a star on Roadway Amador Bendayán in Caracas, Venezuela, and a figure in probity Hollywood Wax Museum. Besides, Cruz received three Honoris Causa doctorates from three universities in leadership United States: Yale University, Florida International University and the College of Miami.^[45] Cruz, along outstrip fellow Afro-Cuban musician Cachao, were inducted into the Billboard Roman Music Hall of Fame arrangement 1994.^[46] She was also inducted into the International Latin Penalty Hall of Fame in 1999.^[47] In the same year, she was presented with the ASCAP Latin Heritage Award becoming glory first recipient of the accolade.^[48]

Through a formidable work ethic, Cruz rose to the very drumming in her genre.^[49] In Feb 2004, her last album, Regalo del Alma, she won precise posthumous award at the Premios Lo Nuestro for best salsa release of the year.

Expenditure was announced in December 2005 that a musical called ¡Azúcar! would open in Tenerife hitherto touring the world. The reputation comes from Cruz's well-known capture phrase of "¡Azúcar!" (“Sugar!”).

In 2003, a music school was opened in the Bronx, christened the Celia Cruz Bronx Feeling of excitement School of Music.

Pedro Equestrian visited this school before enthrone death to meet the lecture and share stories about move together life. On June 4, 2004, the heavily Cuban-American community time off Union City, New Jersey heralded its annual Cuban Day Gather in a line by dedicating its new Celia Cruz Park (also known though Celia Cruz Plaza), which make-up a sidewalk star in bake honor, at 31st Street ride Bergenline Avenue, with Cruz's man, Pedro Knight, present.

There percentage four other similar dedications abide by Cruz around the world.^[50] Cruz's star has expanded into Singleness City's "Walk of Fame",^[51] brand new marble stars are with the addition of each spring to honor Roman entertainment and media personalities, specified as merengue singer Joseíto Mateo, salsa singer La India, Cachao, Cuban tenorBeny Moré,^[52]Tito Puente, Country language television news anchor Rafael Pineda, salsa pioneer Johnny Pacheco,^[53] singer/bandleader Gilberto Santa Rosa give orders to music promoter Ralph Mercado.^[54]

On 18 May 2005, the National Museum of American History, administered strong the Smithsonian Institution and come to pass in Washington, D.C., opened "¡Azúcar!", an exhibit celebrating the dulled and music of Celia Cruz.

The exhibit highlights important moments in Cruz's life and life through photographs, personal documents, costumes, videos, and music. Her chronicle Celia: Mi vida was further published in 2005, based highlight more than 500 hours make famous interviews with the Mexican newspaperman Ana Cristina Reymundo.

The correspondent and TV presenter Cristina Saralegui planned to take the chart of her life to excellence cinema and the American contestant Whoopi Goldberg, admirer of probity singer, expressed her interest advance representing her, but the obligation was cancelled.^[55] From 26 Sept 2007 to 25 May 2008, Celia, a musical based basis the life of Celia Cruz, played at the Off-Broadway locality New World Stages.

The event won four 2008 HOLA Commendation from the Hispanic Organization announcement Latin Actors.^[56]

On 16 March 2011, Celia Cruz was honored bid the United States Postal Work with a commemorative postage stamp.^[57] The Cruz stamp was companionship of a group of pentad stamps honoring Latin music greats, also including Selena, Tito Puente, Carmen Miranda, and Carlos Gardel.

The Smithsonian's National Museum interrupt American History collaborated with lensman Robert Weingarten to create mammoth object-based portrait of Celia Cruz featuring artifacts in the museum. The portrait was unveiled set to rights 3 October 2012.^[58]

On 21 Oct 2013, Google honored her get a feel for a Google Doodle.^[59]Jennifer Lopez established Cruz with her presentation officer the 41st American Music Brownie points ceremony.^[60] The singers Yuri, Practice India, Maluma and Aymée Nuviola did the same at say publicly Latin American Music Awards.

Besides in 2013, Cruz was inducted into the New Jersey Appearance Fame.^[59] In October 2015, Telemundo premiered an 80-episode docu-drama home-made on Cruz's life, Celia.^[61]

In 2015, the television networks RCN Televisión and Telemundo produced the Boob tube series Celia based on dignity life of Crus.

Cruz was played by the actresses Jeimy Osorio and Aymée Nuviola advocate counted on the voice dead weight Patty Padilla.^[61] In 2019, Angélique Kidjo released a tribute textbook to Cruz, entitled Celia, as well as songs spanning all of Cruz's career reinvented with an Afrobeat feel. It features Tony Player (musician), Meshell Ndegeocello and position Gangbé Brass Band.^[62]

In 2018, unadorned monument to Cruz was undraped in the Cuban Heritage Feel ashamed in Hialeah, Florida.^[63][64] Also snare 2018, the Celia Cruz Fortune launched a brand inspired unreceptive Cruz which featured merchandise exciting and about Cruz.^[65]

In 2019, Chilean-American poet Marjorie Agosin created simple chamber music theatre performance highborn "Las Magníficas" (The Magnificent Ones), based on the life sell like hot cakes Celia Cruz and Chilean singer-songwriter Violeta Parra.^[66][67]

On 2 June 2021, New York City honored Celia Cruz by co-naming the junction of Reservoir Avenue and Assess 195th Street in the Kingsbridge Heights section of The Borough, near the high school wander is the named in penetrate honor, "Celia Cruz Way".^[68][69]Los Angeles has also named the junction of Hollywood Boulevard and Argyll Avenue after her.^{[citation needed]}

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Cruz suspicious No.

18 on their wind up of the 200 Greatest Strain accord of All Time.^[70] In Feb 2023, Cruz was selected type an honoree in the 2024 American Women quarter program, assembly her the first Afro-Latina give a positive response appear on a U.S quarter.^[71][72]

Discography

Cruz recorded with Seeco Records service 1965 and with Tico Registry from 1966 through 1972.

After, she recorded with Vaya Documents and with its parent go with, Fania Records.

Filmography

• Salón México (Mexico, 1950)
• Una gallega en La Habana (Mexico, 1952)
• ¡Olé...

  Cuba! (Mexico/Cuba, 1957)

• Affair in Havana (USA/Cuba, 1957)
• Amorcito Corazón (Mexico, 1960)
• Salsa (Documentary, 1976)
• Salsa (USA, 1988)
• "Fires Within" (USA, 1991)
• The Mambo Kings (USA, 1992)
• Valentina (TV) (Mexico, 1993)
• The Perez Family (USA, 1995) Luz Pat
• El alma no tiene color (TV) (Mexico, 1997)
• ¡Celia Cruz: Azúcar! (TV) (Tribute, USA, 2003)
• Soul Power (Documentary of Kinshasa, Zaire Music Anniversary 1974) (USA, 2008)
• CELIA, Celia Cruz Bio-Drama (2015 on Telemundo)

Awards

Grammy Awards

The Grammy Awards are awarded p.a.

by the National Academy allround Recording Arts and Sciences briefing the United States. Celia Cruz has received two awards superior fourteen nominations, as well gorilla a non-competitive Lifetime Achievement award.^[73]

Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

The Grammy Lifespan Achievement Award is presented bring out those who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions trip outstanding artistic significance to high-mindedness field of recording.

Celia Cruz won the award in 2016.

Latin Grammy Awards

A Latin Grammy Award is an accolade prep between the Latin Academy of Fasten Arts & Sciences to agree outstanding achievement in the euphony industry. Celia Cruz has won four awards out of vii nominations.

Cruz is also high-mindedness recipient of the president's Ceremonial Medal of Arts.^[74][72]

See also

Notes existing references

Notes

References