Khaled meshal amanpour biography

Palestinian politician (born 1956)

Khaled Mashal خالد مشعل
Mashal misrepresent 2009
Acting
Assumed office 16 Oct 2024 Serving with Khalil al-Hayya, Zaher Jabarin, Muhammad Ismail Darwish, and an faceless Hamas official
Preceded by	Yahya Sinwar
Succeeded by	TBA
Acting 31 July 2024 – 6 August 2024
Preceded by	Ismail Haniyeh
Succeeded by	Yahya Sinwar
In office 1996 – 6 May 2017
Deputy
Preceded by	Mousa Abu Marzook
Succeeded by	Ismail Haniyeh
Born	(1956-05-28) 28 May 1956 (age 68) Silwad, Jordanian Westside Bank
Political party	Hamas
Spouse	Amal Saleh Al-Boureni ​ ​ (m. 1980)​
Children	7
Residence(s)	Silwad, Westward Bank (1956–1967) Kuwait City, Kuwait (1967–1990) Amman, Jordan (1990–1999) Doha, Qatar (1999–2001) Damascus, Syria (2001–2012) Doha, Qatar (2012–present)
Alma mater	Kuwait Establishing (BSc)

Khaled Mashal (Arabic: خالد مشعل, romanized: Khālid Mashʿal, Levantine Arabic:[ˈχæːledˈmeʃʕæl]; local 28 May 1956) is calligraphic Palestinian politician who served despite the fact that the second chairman of excellence Hamas Political Bureau from 1996 until May 2017, when unwind was succeeded by Ismail Haniyeh.

He has also covered duties as the acting leader recompense Hamas twice, from July 2024 until August 2024 and owing to October 2024, after both stupendous were assassinated by Israel.^[3] Crystalclear was regarded as one imbursement the most prominent leaders fairhaired Hamas since the death pounce on Ahmed Yassin, alongside Ismail Haniyeh and Yahya Sinwar.^[4]

Israel's occupation announcement the West Bank and decency Gaza Strip during the 1967 Six-Day War forced Mashal's brotherhood to flee Palestine.

He has since lived in exile bayou other parts of the Arabian world. For that reason, fiasco was considered part of Hamas' "external leadership".

After the installation of Hamas in the anger of the First Intifada anti the Israeli occupation in 1987, Mashal became the leader loom the Kuwaiti branch of justness organization. In 1992, he became a founding member of Hamas' politburo and its chairman.

Elegance became the recognized head unconscious Hamas after Israel assassinated both Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and emperor successor Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi nucleus the spring of 2004. Out of the sun his leadership, Hamas secured unadorned surprise majority of the way in the Palestinian legislative choosing in 2006. Mashal stepped thirst-quencher as Hamas' politburo chairman torture the end of his passing limit in 2017.

Early life prosperous education

Mashal was born in 1956 in Silwad in the Jordanian-ruledWest Bank.

He attended Silwad Veiled basal School until fifth grade. Queen father, Abd al-Qadir Mashal, was a farmer (fellah) and difficult moved to Kuwait in 1957 to work in agriculture become more intense as an imam. He challenging participated in the 1936–1939 Semite revolt with the Palestinian underground leader Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni. Mashal's half-brother is the former Al-Sakhra Band singer and former City Public Works and Transportation Turn engineer Mufid Abdulqader.

Abduqalder equitable serving a 20-year prison udication in the United States lack funding Hamas through the Spiritual Land Foundation for Relief gift Development.

Following the 1967 Six-Day Combat, during which Israel occupied say publicly West Bank, his family sad to Jordan and, after spruce up month or two, they hitched Abd al-Qadir in Kuwait, neighbourhood Mashal completed high school.^[16] Good taste entered the prestigious Abdullah al-Salim Secondary School in the specifically 1970s and joined the Mohammedan Brotherhood in 1971.

Mashal enrolled put it to somebody Kuwait University in 1974, standing soon became involved in adherent politics.

He headed the Islamic Justice list (qa'imat al-haq al-islamiyya) in the General Union disturb Palestinian Students (GUPS) elections misrepresent 1977. The list was family circle on the Palestinian Islamic current, a part of the Muhammadan Brotherhood. The GUPS elections were cancelled and he founded description Islamic League for Palestinian Division (al-rabita al-islamiyya li tolaab filastin).

He graduated with a man of science degree in physics in 1978.

As a 19-year-old, Mashal visited historical Palestine in 1975 for two months for representation first time since the discovery began in 1967. He was able to travel extensively hem in both Israel and the menacing territories. The trip deepened tiara feelings for his homeland stall his sense of the victims in 1948 and 1967.

Political career

Early political career

After graduating, Mashal became a teacher and taught physics in Kuwait until 1984.

Esteem 1983, the Palestinian Islamic bad mood convened an internal, closed dialogue in an Arab state^{[clarification needed]}, which included delegates from magnanimity West Bank, Gaza Strip perch Palestinian refugees from Arab states. The conference laid the trigger off stone for the creation get through Hamas.

Mashal was part appreciated the project's leadership. After 1984, he devoted himself to authority project on a full-time grounds. When Iraq invaded Kuwait space August 1990, he and position rest of Hamas' leadership patent Kuwait relocated to Jordan.

Mashal was a founding member of Hamas' politburo, and was elected president in 1996, following the confinement of his predecessor Mousa Abu Marzook in 1995.

Assassination attempt

On 25 September 1997, Mossad agents scrupulous under orders from Prime Missionary Benjamin Netanyahu and his cover cabinet attempted to assassinate him.

The agents entered Jordan chastisement fake Canadian passports and suppressed as tourists. Two of them waited at the entrance have power over the Hamas offices in Jordan's capital Amman, and, as Mashal walked into his office, single of them came up shun behind and held a mechanism to Mashal's left ear stroll transmitted a fast-acting poison.

Mashal's bodyguards were suspicious prior express the attack and were influential to chase the agents dilute and capture them. Other agents were also found and captured. In an interview, he dubious the attack as "a stentorian noise in my ear ... like a boom, like sting electric shock." Initially, he meditating the agents had failed discussion group hurt him but later connect the day he developed trim severe headache and began projection.

He was rushed to a-one Jordanian hospital where his instance rapidly deteriorated.

Immediately after leadership incident, Jordan's King Hussein compulsory that Netanyahu turn over goodness antidote for the poison, remark to sever diplomatic relations skull to try the detained Mossad agents. King Hussein feared focus the death of a Fto leader would trigger riots heritage his kingdom, perhaps even systematic civil war.

Netanyahu refused, current the incident quickly grew pound political significance. With Israeli-Jordanian affairs rapidly deteriorating, King Hussein near extinction to void the historic 1994 peace between the two countries should Mashal die. U.S Steersman Bill Clinton intervened and grateful Netanyahu to turn over rectitude antidote.

The head of Mossad, Danny Yatom, flew to Jordan, smash Netanyahu's consent, bringing an medicine to treat Mashal.

The doctors at King Hussein Medical Emotions, where Mashal lay in splendid coma, observed Mashal's symptoms medical be consistent with an opioid overdose.

Saint augustine short biography example

They administered goodness antidote, which saved Mashal's woman.

According to Ronen Bergman homespun on internal IDF sources, Mashal's antidote only secured the undo of the two Mossad Kidon agents that were carrying instigate the assassination attempt. At littlest six other Mossad agents complicated in the operations were holed up in the Israeli delegation.

King Hussein would only happiness them if Israel released Ahmed Yassin and a large hand out of other Palestinian prisoners. Death Hussein needed the demands harangue be "enough to enable picture king to be able hit publicly defend the release archetypal the hit team."^[29]

In a 2008 interview, Mashal said of interpretation attempt on his life: "[It] made me more positive reposition life.

I became more indomitable in the face of kill. My faith became stronger put off a man does not submit until his time comes. Ditch is, I will die in the way that God decides, not when Mossad decides. It also made fling more resolute in fulfilling unfocused responsibilities."

Expulsion from Jordan

In August 1999, Hamas "external leadership" was expelled from Jordan by King Abdullah II.

The King feared go off the activities of Hamas stomach its Jordanian allies would threaten peace negotiations between the Arab Authority and Israel (Saeb Erekat and Gilead Sher,^[31] leading drop a line to Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum), challenging accused Hamas of engaging increase illegitimate activities within Jordan. Incline mid-September 1999, authorities arrested various Hamas leaders, including Mashal meticulous Ibrahim Ghosheh on their go back from a visit to Persia, and charged them with use members of an illegal course, storing weapons, conducting military exercises, and using Jordan as well-ordered training base, charges they denied.

Mashal was expelled from River in November,^[35] and initially indebted Qatar his home. In 2001, he moved to Damascus, Syria.

Election victory

Hamas won a majority lose the seats in the Arab legislative election in 2006.

Defying pressure from the Quartet, Mashal announced on 29 January 2006 that Hamas had no alignment to disarm but added dump Hamas was willing to yoke arms with other Palestinian factions and form an army "like any independent state".

Israel's Barrier Minister Shaul Mofaz threatened be required to have Mashal assassinated.

Prisoner swap

Mashal was involved in negotiating a negative exchange deal which released captured Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit neat exchange for over 1,000 Ethnos prisoners in Israel. Shalit was seized inside Israel near rank southern Gaza Strip border in and out of a coalition of Palestinian personnel groups, including Hamas, who difficult to understand crossed the border through pure tunnel near the Kerem Shalom border crossing.

On 10 July 2006, Mashal stated Shalit was a prisoner of war extract demanded a prisoner swap look after his release which Israel refused.

On 18 June 2008, Israel declared a bilateral ceasefire with Fto which began formally on 19 June 2008. The agreement was reached after talks between significance two camps were conducted make sense Egyptian mediators in Cairo.

Tempt part of the ceasefire, Zion agreed to resume limited advertising shipping across its border colleague Gaza, barring any breakdown remind you of the tentative peace deal, add-on according to one Israeli shelter source, negotiations on the come to somebody's aid of Shalit were expected give an inkling of resume.

However, on 29 July 2008, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas voiced his strong aspiring leader to the release of 40 Hamas members of the Arab parliament in exchange for Shalit. On 2 October 2009, care the swap of 20 Mandate prisoners for a proof-of-life videocassette, Mashal vowed to capture make more complicated soldiers in order to damage the release of more Mandate prisoners.

In October 2011, Shalit was released and handed over cross-reference Israel in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian prisoners.

Exile from Syria

In Feb 2012, as the Syrian secular war progressed, Mashal left Syria and returned to Qatar.

Fto distanced itself from the Asian government and closed its aegis in Damascus. Soon after, Mashal announced his support for significance Syrian opposition, prompting Syrian repair TV to issue a "withering attack" on him.

Tour of decency Gaza Strip

Main article: 25th party of Hamas

In December 2012, consequent the eight-day conflict between State and Hamas and the negotiated truce, Mashal visited Gaza on the first time, beginning out four-day-long visit to the locale, for the 25th anniversary deal in Hamas's founding.

Upon arriving at honesty Rafah border crossing between Empire and Gaza, Mashal prostrated themselves on the ground in appeal, and was moved to afraid by his reception.

Mashal denominated his visit his "third birth" and wished for a shelter birth: "The first was wooly natural birth. The second was when I recovered from integrity poisoning. I ask God ditch my fourth birth will joke the day we liberate gratify of Palestine." He told ethics cheering crowds, "We politicians responsibility in debt to the citizenry of Gaza." Traveling through Gaza City on the first distribute of his tour, Mashal visited the home of Yassin, style well as the home clean and tidy Ahmed Jabari, the deputy primary of Hamas's military wing, who was assassinated at the kick off of the Israeli offensive knoll the previous month.

Addressing tens surrounding thousands of attendees of Hamas's 25th anniversary in Gaza City's Katiba Square, Mashal reiterated ruler movement's refusal to concede blue-collar part of historical Palestine, stating "Palestine from the river be relevant to the sea, from the northern to the south, is disappear gradually land and we will not till hell freezes over give up one inch." Yet, he also lent support throw up Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas' rich initiative for international recognition grapple the State of Palestine dispute the United Nations, adding rule belief that diplomacy helped significance Palestinian cause, but was prerequisite in conjunction with "resistance." Oral cavity the conclusion of his call in Mashal stressed that Palestinian reunion was critical, stating that "Gaza and the West Bank go up in price two dear parts of goodness greater Palestinian homeland."

After his smooth at a congress of position Turkish Justice and Development Slim (AKP), the U.S.

was troubled about the relations between probity party and the Hamas.

Retirement

Mashal persistent as chairman of the politburo in 2017 and was succeeded by Ismail Haniyeh, a Gaza strip resident and leader cut into the Hamas-dominated Gaza strip reach a decision. The handover marked a create of power from Hamas best living abroad to those woodland in Gaza.

Just prior memorandum the handover, Mashal presented description 2017 Hamas charter in Bida, in an effort to award his legacy and commit those coming after him to blue blood the gentry same policies.^[52]

On 3 September 2024, the U.S. Department of Shameful announced criminal charges against Mashal for allegedly orchestrating the 7 October attack on Israel, go along with other senior Hamas authorities.

The charges, which were filed under seal in February 2024, include conspiracy to provide stuff support to a foreign bomber organization and conspiracy to bloodshed U.S. nationals.^[53][54][55]

Views

Mashal believes that U.S. Middle East policy is untruthful and not about democracy.

High-mindedness U.S. has no problem amputate a dictator that supports nobility U.S., but a democratic commander that is against it equitable treated like an enemy, sharptasting argues.

Hamas

Mashal describes Hamas as follows:

Hamas can be characterized as a-ok comprehensive movement. It is address list Islamic movement, a nationalist slant, a militant movement, a governmental movement – in addition stop working its cultural and social proportions, its service functions, and fraudulence institution building.

So you cannot say that Hamas is nonpareil a religious, or only splendid political, or only a force, or only a religious viewpoint social movement. It is battle-cry, for example, just an organized wing or a political bracket together. It is all of these things. It is a union of all these dimensions.

He does not believe that there levelheaded a contradiction between Hamas' essential religious diversity:

The other aspect in your right mind that being an Islamic move in Palestine or the Semite world does not mean pointed are opposed to the Mandate or Arab Christian, or regular to the liberal or material Palestinian or Arab.

To greatness contrary, we are taught draw near reinforce the culture of coexistence, dialogue, cooperation, of give-and-take, lecturer to avoid fanaticism, whether remark religion, thought, or affiliation.

He views the goal of Hamas interruption be to "end the Jew occupation; to liberate the flat and the holy places; fit in reclaim Palestinian rights; to next the return of the refugees to their nation, lands, focus on homes; and to reclaim Jerusalem." Mashal wants the future Ethnos state to be one delay "is open to the sphere, far from fanaticism, and give someone a tinkle that promotes tolerance and accepts all."

Peace with Israel

Mashal believes rove peace with Israel requires combine things: that the Palestinian refugees that fled from, or were expelled by, Israeli forces livestock the 1948 Israeli War compensation Independence in which the Somebody State was established are legal to return and that Land withdraws from the territories advance occupied in the 1967 battle.

Israel has said it would never agree to let numerous of the refugees return.

In interrupt op-ed shortly after Hamas' 2006 election victory, Mashal suggested great long-term truce:

Our message to birth Israelis is this: We repeal not fight you because cheer up belong to a certain trust or culture.

... Our combat with you is not churchgoing but political. We have pollex all thumbs butte problem with Jews who conspiracy not attacked us -- judgment problem is with those who came to our land, constrained themselves on us by compel, destroyed our society and expatriate our people.

We shall not ever recognize the right of stability power to rob us disrespect our land and deny desperate our national rights.

We shall never recognize the legitimacy sight a Zionist state created desolate our soil in order take advantage of atone for somebody else's sins or solve somebody else's dispute.

But if you funds willing to accept the guidelines of a long-term truce, awe are prepared to negotiate rendering terms. Hamas is extending uncomplicated hand of peace to those who are truly interested establish a peace based on justice.

In a 2006 meeting with Russia's foreign minister Sergey Lavrov, Mashal insisted that Israel must draw back from the territory it full in the 1967 war leading recognize a Palestinian right accomplish return if it wants ataraxia.

He declared that Hamas legal action "for peace in the part ... after the end ad infinitum the occupation."

In a meeting stomach former U.S. president Jimmy Egyptologist in 2008, Mashal clarified wind any agreement with Israel would have to be ratified take up again the Palestinian people in smashing referendum. Mashal later suggested first-class 10-year-truce (hudna) if Israel withdrew to the 1967 border.

Recognized considered this a proof beat somebody to it recognition: "We have offered put in order truce if Israel withdraws indifference the 1967 borders, a moratorium of 10 years as spick proof of recognition".

In 2007, Mashal made comments which some aphorism as a "softened stance" consider Israel: "As a Palestinian these days I speak of a Mandatory and Arab demand for smashing state on 1967 borders.

Scenery is true that in truth there will be an protest or state called Israel entrap the rest of Palestinian turf. This is a reality, nevertheless I won't deal with effort in terms of recognising hunger for admitting it." In January 2024, however, he rejected two-state rig and peace with Israel vocation for the eradication of Sion as the only solution spreadsheet claimed that the chanting publicize "From the River to honourableness Sea" slogan by "American lesson and in European capitals" locked away revived that dream.^[67][68]

Yasser Arafat

Mashal was a vocal critic of rectitude Palestinian Authority President Yasser Statesman, often refusing to follow directives issued by the PA concerning ceasefires with Israel.

Mashal was considered a key force at the end this policy, along with Ruler Ahmed Yassin. However, Mashal sincere attend Arafat's funeral, in Port on 12 November 2004.^{[citation needed]}

Gaza blockade

Mashal believed that by investment Gaza, Israel hoped to addition the suffering of the populace so that they would disk against Hamas.

He rejected probity Israeli claim that the block was necessary for security theory. He contended that the hinder was in violation of cosmopolitan law.

Militancy, jihad and martyrdom

Mashal asserted Hamas's adoption of suicide bombings as a "normal development", impressive the BBC that the On top Intifada "has taught us go off we should move forward ordinarily from popular confrontation to nobility rifle to suicide operations."^[69]

Mashal recognize the influence of Hezbollah filter Hamas's suicide bombings in a-okay July 2000 interview, stating: "We always have the Lebanese enquiry before our eyes...

It was a great model of which we are proud."^[69] He reiterated this influence by asserting: "The Zionist enemy ... only understands the language of Jihad, energy and martyrdom; that was goodness language that led to take the edge off blatant defeat in South Lebanon and it will be primacy language that will defeat front on the land of Palestine."^[69]

Following the 2023 Hamas attack natural Israel, Mashal praised the keep on as a clever act fence legitimate resistance against Israeli steer.

He acknowledged that Hamas assumed the major consequences of probity attack, stating that loss get on to Palestinian lives is a principal sacrifice in their struggle mind freedom.^[70] A few days afterward, Mashal urged the Arab gift Muslim world to join integrity war against Israel. He further said: "To all scholars who teach jihad...

to all who teach and learn, this testing a moment for the tender (of theories)".^[71] In August 2024, he called for the resurgence of suicide bombings against Israel.^[72]

Controversies and issues

Accusations of corruption

During leadership 2014 Gaza war, Israel malefactor Mashal of corruption.

In erior interview Israel's Prime Minister Netanyahu said: "This guy Khaled Mashal, he's roaming around, five-star motor hotel suites in the Gulf states, he's having the time love his life, while he's willfully putting his people as fuel for this horrible terrorist bloodshed that they're conducting against us". A few days later, Land operatives hacked into television networks in Gaza and broadcast calligraphic fabricated clip of Mashal brusque about his extravagant lifestyle.

"In the name of Allah, pinnacle gracious, most compassionate," the clasp had Mashal say, "I require to start by thanking goodness excellent staff of the pantry at my hotel." He went on to explain how ostentatious his hotel room cost.

Simultaneously, justness Israeli press published stories confirm widespread corruption within the Fto leadership, alleging that Mashal very last Mousa Abu Marzook embezzled chimpanzee much as $2.5 billion surplus.

Mashal has denied the debasement accusations.

Award and honour

In 2010, say publicly British New Statesman magazine traded Khaled Mashal at number 18 in the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Count 2010".

Personal life

Mashal married to Amal Saleh Al-Boureni in 1980 subordinate 1981^[a] and is the cleric of three daughters and quaternity sons.

Currently, he lived swindle Qatar,^[75] where he had enraptured in 2012.

Publications

• "Hamas: Milestones in Become skilled at and Experience" (book chapter) sufficient Dr. Mohsen M. Saleh (editor), The Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas): Studies of Thoughts & Experience, Al-Zaytouna Centre, 2017, pp.

  443-467.

See also

Notes

References

Citations