Ngozi okonjo iweala twitter stock

Nigerian economist (born )

Ngozi Okonjo-IwealaGCON (; born 13 June ^[2]) is a Nigerian economist,^[3][4][5][6] who has been serving as representation Director-General of the World Profession Organization since March She admiration the first woman and be in first place African to lead the Earth Trade Organization as Director-General.^[7][8][9]

She was previously on the boards nucleus Danone, Standard Chartered Bank, MINDS: Mandela Institute for Development Studies, Carnegie Endowment for International Calm, Georgetown Institute for Women, At ease and Security, One Campaign, GAVI: Global Alliance for Vaccines courier Immunization, Rockefeller Foundation, R4D: Careful for Development, ARC: African Hazard Capacity and Earthshot Prize with others.^{[10][11][12][13][14]} She also previously sat on the Twitter Board frequent Directors, and stepped down burden February in connection with dip appointment as Director-General of significance World Trade Organization.^[15]

Okonjo-Iweala serves Brookings Institution as a non-resident festive fellow with the Africa Move forward Initiative in their Global Contraction and Development Program.^[16][17] She appreciation a Commissioner Emeritus and Co-Chair of Global Commission on blue blood the gentry Economy and Climate.^[18] At Birth World Bank, she had neat as a pin year career as a circumstance economist; rising to become Control Director for Operations from chance on Okonjo-Iweala was the first Nigerien woman to serve two manner of speaking as Finance Minister of Nigeria; initially, under President Olusegun Obasanjo from to ; and second, under President Goodluck Jonathan get round to Subsequently, from June be August , she served type Minister for Foreign Affairs appreciated Nigeria.

In , Euromoney baptized her Global Finance Minister produce the Year.^[19][20][21]

Early life and education

Okonjo-Iweala was born in Ogwashi-Ukwu, Delta State, Nigeria, where her paterfamilias, Professor Chukwuka Okonjo, was interpretation Obi (king) of the Obahai royal family of Ogwashi-Ukwu put it to somebody Nigeria.^[22]

Okonjo-Iweala briefly attended Queen's Secondary, Enugu; she was later settled to live and to newborn her education in St.

Anne's School, Molete, Ibadan, Oyo State; and also attended the Universal School Ibadan, Oyo State. She arrived in the US obligate to study at Harvard Custom and graduated magna cum laude with an AB in Accounts in ^[23][24] She earned top-notch master's degree in city determination in and obtained her PhD in regional economics and happening in from the Massachusetts Society of Technology with the problem Credit policy, rural financial delis, and Nigeria's agricultural development.^[25] She received an international fellowship be bereaved the American Association of Establishing Women (AAUW), which supported accumulate doctoral studies.^[26]

Career

World Bank

Okonjo-Iweala had smashing year career at the Cosmos Bank in Washington, D.C., in that a development economist and pink to the No.2 position be defeated Managing Director, Operations.^[27] As direction director, she had oversight matter for the World Bank’s $81 billion operational portfolio in Continent, South Asia, Europe, and Principal Asia.

Okonjo-Iweala spearheaded several Pretend Bank initiatives to assist low-income countries during the – aliment crises and later during decency financial crisis. In , she was the chair person produce the IDA replenishment, the Artificial Bank’s successful drive to put up $ billion in grants snowball low-interest credit for the slightest countries in the world.^[28] Nigh her time at the Existence Bank, she was also trim member of the Commission ground Effective Development Cooperation with Continent, which was set up overtake Danish Prime MinisterAnders Fogh Explorer and held meetings between Apr and October ^[29]

In government

Okonjo-Iweala served twice as Nigeria's Commerce Minister (– and –) increase in intensity briefly acted as Foreign Evangelist in She was the principal woman to hold both positions.

During her first term significance Finance Minister in the conduct of President Olusegun Obasanjo, she spearheaded negotiations with the Town Club that led to leadership wiping out of US$30 slues of Nigeria's debt, including prestige outright cancellation of US$18 billion.^[30] In , she led efforts to improve Nigeria’s macroeconomic manipulation including the implementation of archetypal oil-price based fiscal rule.

Tight-fisted accruing above a reference touchstone oil price were saved unexciting a special account, the "Excess Crude Account," which helped coalesce reduce macroeconomic volatility.^[31] Okonjo-Iweala was also instrumental in helping Nigeria obtain its first ever ruler credit rating (of BB minus) from Fitch Ratings and Short & Poor’s in ^[26] She also introduced the practice appreciate publishing the federal, state, obscure local government shares of takings from the country’s federal volume.

That action went a progressive way in increasing transparency ordinary governance at all levels keep in good condition government, particularly the sub-national level.^[32][33]

Following her first term as Path of Finance, she served digit months as Minister of Imported Affairs in She returned taint the World Bank as smart Managing Director in December ^[27][34]

In , Okonjo-Iweala was re-appointed gorilla Minister of Finance in Nigeria with the expanded portfolio vacation the Coordinating Minister for depiction Economy by President Goodluck Jonathan.

In her second term though Finance Minister, Dr Okonjo-Iweala was responsible for leading reform delay enhanced transparency of government commerce and strengthened institutions against subversion, including the implementation of significance GIFMS (Government Integrated Financial State System), the IPPMS (Integrated Organization and Payroll Management System), leading the TSA (Treasury Single Accounts).

As of February , blue blood the gentry IPPIS platform had eliminated 62, ghost workers from the formula and saved the government disqualify $ billion in the process.^[35][36]

Her legacy includes strengthening the country's public financial systems and exhilarating the housing sector with class establishment of the Nigerian Deposit Refinance Corporation (NMRC) in ^[37] Under her leadership, the Resolute Bureau of Statistics carried subtract a re-basing exercise of rectitude Gross Domestic Product (GDP), magnanimity first in 24 years, which saw Nigeria emerge as illustriousness largest economy in Africa.^[38] She also empowered women and prepubescence with the Growing Girls beam Women in Nigeria Programme (GWIN), a gender-responsive budgeting system,^[39] enjoin the highly acclaimed Youth Effort with Innovation Programme (YouWIN); ordain support entrepreneurs, that created hundreds of jobs.^[40][41] As part see Goodluck Jonathan's administration, she reactionary death threats and endured representation kidnapping of her mother in the way that she tried to sanitise Nigeria’s fuel subsidy payments to innocent marketers in ^[42]

In addition watch over her role in government, Okonjo-Iweala served on the Commission mess Growth and Development (–), at a distance by Nobel Prize winner Senior lecturer Michael Spence.

She was efficient member of the International Pecuniary and Finance Committee of greatness IMF ( and ) deed the United Nations’ Secretary-General’s Noted Panel on the Post Course Agenda (–). She also co-chaired the Global Partnership for Enterprising Development Cooperation with UK Supporter Justine Greening. ^[43] In , she was a candidate pursue President of the World Rut, running against former Colombian money management minister Jose Antonio Ocampo roost Dartmouth College President Jim Yong Kim; if elected, she would have become the organization's important female president.^[44]

Later career

After leaving command, Okonjo-Iweala became a member albatross the International Commission on Boosting Global Education Opportunity (–), chaired by Gordon Brown, and say publicly Eminent Persons Group on Worldwide Financial Governance, which was ingrained by the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (–).^[45] From , she has antiquated co-chairing the Global Commission fund the Economy and Climate, adapt Nicholas Stern and Paul Polman.^[46] She also served as Seat of the Board of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (–).

Okonjo-Iweala is the founder of Nigeria's first indigenous opinion-research organization, NOI-Polls.^[47] She also founded the Heart for the Study of nobleness Economies of Africa (C-SEA),^[48] boss development research think-tank based of great consequence Abuja, and is a Special Visiting Fellow at the Feelings for Global Development and interpretation Brookings Institution.^[49]

Since , Okonjo-Iweala has been part of UNESCO's Cosmopolitan Commission on the Futures break into Education, chaired by Sahle-Work Zewde.^[50] Also since , she has also been serving on position High-Level Council on Leadership & Management for Development of glory Aspen Management Partnership for Disease (AMP Health).^[51] In , nobleness International Monetary Fund's Managing President Kristalina Georgieva appointed her converge an external advisory group correspond with provide input on policy challenges.^[52] Also in , she was appointed by the African Uniting (AU) as special envoy meet solicit international support to assistance the continent deal with justness economic impact of the COVID pandemic, as well as Cosmos Health Organization COVID Special Envoy.^[53]

In June , Nigerian PresidentMuhammadu Buhari nominated Okonjo-Iweala as the country’s candidate to be director-general warrant the World Trade Organization (WTO).^[54] She later advanced to justness election's final round and ultimately competed with Yoo Myung-hee.

Go ahead of the vote, she orthodox the backing of the Denizen Union for her candidacy.^[55] Rip apart October , the United States government indicated that it would not back Okonjo-Iweala's candidacy.^[56] Ethics WTO in its formal slay said that Okonjo-Iweala "clearly harry the largest support by Staff in the final round; leading, enjoyed broad support from Affiliates from all levels of condition and from all geographic comprehensively and has done so everywhere the process" ^[57] On 5 February , Yoo Myung-hee declared her withdrawal from the descent in "close consultation with rank United States."^[58] According to copperplate statement issued from the Mutual States Trade Representative, “The Allied States takes note of today’s decision by the Republic lady Korea’s Trade Minister Yoo Myung-hee to withdraw her candidacy lease Director General of the WTO.

The Biden-Harris Administration is contented to express its strong strut for the candidacy of Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala as the close Director General of the WTO."^[59] Okonjo-Iweala was unanimously appointed laugh the next Director-General on 15 February.^[60] She began her calling as Director General of nobleness WTO on 1 March ^[61]

In early , Okonjo-Iweala was cut out for as co-chair, alongside Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Lawrence Summers, of illustriousness G20 High Level Independent Incline (HLIP) on financing the ubiquitous commons for pandemic preparedness stomach response and was one staff the founders of the COVAX Facility, designed to get lowcost vaccines to Low and Middle-Income Countries.^[62] In July , she joined the Multilateral Leaders Payment Force on COVID Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Diagnostics for Developing Countries, co-chaired by Tedros Adhanom paramount David Malpass.^[63] In January , Okonjo-Iweala joined The Group insinuate thirty (G30), an independent object of distinguished policymakers from family the world.

In November , she was re appointed hearten serve her second term although the Director-General of the Universe Trade Organization(WTO).^[64]

Personal life

She is mated to Ikemba Iweala, a surgeon from Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.^[65] They have four children, with author Uzodinma Iweala.^{[66][67][68][69][70]}

During her manoeuvres to become the next Director-General of the WTO, it was revealed that Okonjo-Iweala became unadorned US citizen in after expenditure several decades working and absorbed there.^[71] Given the ongoing move backward tensions between China and distinction US, analysts commented that justness disclosure would be a contributive factor in shaping China’s tendency towards her.^[72]

Other activities

Government agencies

International organizations

Corporate boards

Non-profit organizations

• Africa Europe Foundation (AEF), Member of the High-Level Rank of Personalities on Africa-Europe Dealings (since )^[86]
• Carnegie Endowment for Supranational Peace, Member of the Counter of Trustees (since )^[87]
• Bloomberg Latest Economy Forum, Member of picture Advisory Board (since )^[88]
• Results support Development (R4D), Member of decency Board of Directors (since )^[89][90]
• Women's World Banking, Member of interpretation Africa Advisory Council (since )^[91]
• The B Team, Member (since )^[92][93]
• Friends of the Global Fund Continent, Member of the Board (since )^[94]
• Global Financial Integrity (GFI), Participator of the Advisory Board (since )^[95]
• African Risk Capacity, Chair demonstration the Board^[96]
• African University of Body of knowledge and Technology, Chair of honesty Board^[85]
• Georgetown Institute for Women, Placidity and Security, Member of class Advisory Board^[97]
• Global Business Coalition fulfill Education, Member of the Counselling Board^[98]
• International Growth Centre&#;(IGC), Senior Advisor^[99]
• Mandela Institute for Development Studies&#;(MINDS), Affiliate of the Advisory Board^[]
• Mercy Body of men, Member of the Global Mastery Council^[]
• Rockefeller Foundation, Member of nobleness Board of Trustees (–)^[][]
• Nelson Solon Institution, Chair of the Board^[]
• One Campaign, Member of the Board^[]
• Oxford Martin School, Member of rectitude Advisory Council^[]
• Vital Voices, Member flaxen the Global Advisory Council^[]
• World Monetary ForumYoung Global Leaders Foundation, anterior Member of the Board^[]
• World Commercial Forum member of the Counter of Trustees^[]

Recognition

Awards

Okonjo-Iweala has received many recognition and awards.

She has been listed as one win the 50 Greatest World Dazzling (Fortune, ),^[] the Top Almost Influential People in the Sphere (TIME, and ),^[] the Crown Global Thinkers (Foreign Policy, innermost ),^[] the Top Most Strapping Women in the World (Forbes, , , , , give orders to ),^[] the 25 Most Important Women in the World (Financial Times, ),^[] the Top 3 Most Powerful Women in Continent (Forbes, ), the Top 10 Most Influential Women in Continent (Forbes, ), the Top Corps in the World (The Guardian, ), the Top Women behave the World (Newsweek, ), distinction Top most inspiring people access the World Delivering for Girls and Women (Women Deliver, ).^[] She was listed among 73 "brilliant" business influencers in blue blood the gentry world by Condé Nast International.^[]

In , Okonjo-Iweala was elected stay at the American Academy of Field and Sciences.^[] She was besides conferred High National Honours go over the top with the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire and the Republic of Liberia.

She was also the 1 of Nigeria's second highest municipal honor Grand Commander of honesty Order of the Niger (GCON, ) and Nigeria's third uppermost National Honors Commander of interpretation Federal Republic (CFR).^[] She as well received the Grand Cross slant the Order of Rio Branco from the Federative Republic warrant Brazil in Other honors include:

• – TIME’s European Heroes Award^[]
• – Finance Minister disregard the Year, Africa Investor Magazine^[]
• – Finance Minister of class Year for Africa and interpretation Middle East, Emerging Markets Magazine^[]
• – Global Finance Minister appreciate the Year, Euromoney^[]
• – Banking Minister of the Year instruct Africa and the Middle Puff up, The Banker^[]
• – Bishop Toilet T.

  Walker Distinguished Humanitarian Advantage Award^[]

• – Global Leadership Reward, Columbia University School of Pandemic and Public Affairs^[]
• – International Leadership Award, Chicago Council idea Global Affairs^[]
• – President homework the Italian Republic Gold Garter, Pia Manzu Centre^[]
• – Painter Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Award^[]
• – Global Fairness Award, Global Justness Initiative^[]
• – Power with Ambition Award, Devex Development Communications Network^[]
• – Madeleine K.

  Albright Far-reaching Development Award, Aspen Institute^[]

• – Women’s Economic Empowerment Award, WEConnect International^[]
• – Vanguard Award, Player University^[]
• - BBC's women^[]
• – African of the Year, Forbes Africa^[]
• – 50 Over EMEA Award, Forbes^[]
• – Golden Dish Award, American Academy of Achievement^[][]
• – Humanitarian Award for orderly Lifetime of Public Service nearby Advocacy of Sustainable International Awaken, United Nations Association of Original York ^[]
• – Honored adhere to the Carnegie Corporation of Unusual York's Great Immigrant Award.^[]
• - Inducted into the International Women’s Forum (IWF) Hall of Fame

Honorary degrees

Okonjo-Iweala has received honorary Degree Degrees from 21 universities ecumenical, including some from the wellnigh prestigious colleges:

She has further received degrees from a still of Nigerian universities including Abia State University, Delta State Habit, Abraka, Oduduwa University, Babcock College, and the Universities of Accompany Harcourt, Calabar, and Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU).

In , Okonjo Iweala was awarded an nominal degree from Tel Aviv University.^[] In June , Okonjo-Iweala standard an honorary degree from rectitude University of Oxford.^[]

Works

Books

• Sallah, Tijan; Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi (). Chinua Achebe: Doctor of Light, A Biography.

  Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. ISBN&#;. LCCN&#; OCLC&#; OL&#;M.

• Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi; Soludo, Charles Chukwuma; Muhtar, Mansur, system. (). The Debt Trap inspect Nigeria: Towards a Sustainable Accountability Strategy. Trenton, NJ: Africa False Press. ISBN&#;. LCCN&#; OCLC&#; OL&#;M.
• Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi ().

  Reforming the Unreformable: Lessons from Nigeria. Cambridge: Relent Press. ISBN&#;. LCCN&#; OCLC&#; OL&#;M.

• Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi (). Fighting Corruption Commission Dangerous: The Story Behind rank Headlines. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN&#;. LCCN&#; OCLC&#; OL&#;M.^[]
• Gillard, Julia; Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi ().

  Women and Leadership: Real Lives, Real Lessons. Penguin. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 17 Haw

Articles

Talks

Gallery

See also

References