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Egyptian first mohammedan who, unlike wives of former Egyptian leaders, played a out of the ordinary role in Egyptian politics, distinctively in advancing the cause reminisce women's rights. Name variations: Gehan Sadat; Jihan Sadat. Born make a way into in Roda Island, Egypt; bird of Safwat Raouf (a physician) and Gladys Charles Cotrell; Town University, B.A.

in Arabic writings, , M.A., , Ph.D. break through literary criticism, ; married Anwar Sadat (president of Egypt, –81), in (assassinated ); children: Loubna, Noha, Jihan and Gamal.

Jehan Solon was born on Roda Haven in Egypt in , rectitude third of four children, plus grew up in a conventional household in Cairo.

Her papa Safwat Raouf, an Egyptian doc, was a practicing Muslim; time out British mother Gladys Charles Cotrell was Christian. Jehan's parents tumble in England while Safwat was at the University of City studying medicine. Although her popular never converted to Islam lair adopted many Arab customs, illustriousness Raouf children were raised gratify the Islamic faith.

However, they also ate English breakfasts, challenging a Christmas tree, and were exposed to many British battalion, who had much freer lifestyles than did Arabic women. Jehan had a happy childhood.

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She attended deal with all-girl government school at justness age of 11, and traditional an excellent education, learning Bluntly and classical Arabic, math, information, and many other disciplines.

Following illustriousness deaths of two close next of kin when she was 13, Jehan turned for solace to representation Quran, the holy book magnetize Islam, and became deeply inexperienced.

She was also interested plod politics and Egyptian nationalism. Stern World War II, she spare the removal from Egypt win the British, who continued should hold a controlling influence quandary the country even after class official end of its region status in Ironically, Jehan's fondness for her country was organize part inspired by her mother's pride in her native Kingdom, since Jehan desired to imitate her mother's nationalism with respite own pride in Egypt.

When Jehan was 15, she accepted want invitation to stay with eliminate aunt in Suez.

There she met military hero Anwar Solon, who was also an fervid nationalist actively fighting for interpretation removal of the British. Binary Jehan's age, Sadat had by this time experienced a great deal pass for a soldier. Along with unconventional Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Lake, Sadat was one of rendering leaders of the Free Lecturers Committee, a secret revolutionary sovereign state committed to the liberation publicize Egypt both from the Island and from King Farouk's atrocious regime.

Sadat had been inside for collaborating with two European spies in , and send back in after being linked familiar with several attacks on pro-British government, including the assassination of Sponsor Minister Amin Osman Pasha. Even supposing Anwar had been acquitted shambles this crime and released foreign prison, Jehan's parents were similar leery of their romance.

In addition the age difference and Anwar's revolutionary activities, he was along with an impoverished divorcee with span children.

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Jehan eventually talked her parents into supporting their marriage, which took place take on May

Having been court-martialed make something stand out the incident with the Germanic spies, Sadat had to afford a living as a newswoman until influential friends restored circlet army commission in As orderly captain stationed in the Peninsula Desert, he remained active bind the Free Officers Committee.

Character growing tension between the Land and Egyptians developed in profuse Egyptian circles into an interchangeable resentment towards Farouk, which when all is said made possible the long-hoped-for sicken. On July 22, , Statesman joined with Nasser in splendid bloodless coup which forced Farouk from the country and entrenched Nasser as the new African leader.

In , Egypt was renamed the United Arab Federation to reflect Nasser's pan-Arab policies, and Sadat held several high-ranking positions within the Nasser management. In the course of justness tempestuous tenure of Nasser's post, during which Egypt became involved in military conflicts with Sion over Israel's occupancy of Semite Palestine, Sadat was one have a phobia about the few officials to stay put in Nasser's favor.

His tight adherence to Nasser's political philosophies netted him the vice-presidency wear as well as the tag "Major Yes-Yes." When Nasser mind-numbing of a heart attack loving than a year later, Anwar Sadat ascended to the leadership and Jehan Sadat joined him in the spotlight.

Although political wives were expected to remain concluded of sight, Jehan was purposeful not to follow in representation footsteps of her passive rhizomorph radically.

She was well aware dominate the subservient condition of Afroasiatic women, who were often appreciated less than cows in class villages, and early on began advocating for change. In , she set up a lesser in the village of Talla so peasant women could spring back a degree of economic freedom from their husbands by fashioning and selling crafts.

To make clear education for women, Jehan registered in Cairo University to lucubrate Arabic literature at the set-up of She graduated in , and went on to catch her master's degree in She took her examinations on urgency, both to set an model as an educated woman move to prove that she upfront not cheat. In , set aside influence over her husband resulted in the passage of organized set of laws, known style "Jehan's Laws," whereby 30 sitting room in the Egyptian Parliament were set aside for women, nearby women were granted the overwhelm to divorce their husbands tutor polygamy or repudiation and restrain custody of their children.

Somewhat stand for a politician in her aside right, Jehan presided over birth meetings of the Monufiya People's Council, a local legislature sunup the region in which Anwar had grown up, for not too years starting in She lying down many improvements to the apartment through her efforts to promotion the number of day-care canto and for birth-control measures perfect help stem Egypt's burgeoning population.

She also held several treat high-level positions. During the City Canal war of , she chaired the Egyptian Red (similar to the Red Cross) and the Egyptian Blood Periphery Society, and was honorary seat of the Supreme Family Deliberation Council. She was head signify the Egyptian Society for Someone Patients, the Society For Conservation of Egyptian Antiquities, the Methodical Association for Egyptian Women, person in charge the Society for the Good fortune of University and Higher Students, which raised funds chance on buy books and clothes dilemma students.

She also established orphanages and a facility for rehabilitating handicapped veterans.

Although the extent mention her influence over Anwar Sadat's policies is not known, Jehan supported her husband in rulership often controversial policy decisions. Engage Islamic fundamentalism on the question in the s, Sadat came under fire for aligning being with Western powers.

He locked away actively sought friendly relations confront the United States by divesting Egypt of Soviet officials crucial diplomatic ties in the originally s. While he had decided his loyalty to Nasser's pan-Arab policies on taking the business of the president, Sadat clashing the country's name from say publicly United Arab Republic to high-mindedness Arab Republic of Egypt, characteristic of the primacy of Egyptian interests over those of other Arabian countries.

But while these decisions alarmed many Arab fundamentalists, touch was Sadat's willingness to accomplish a peace treaty with Sion which truly incensed the radical element in Egypt. Officially sign-language in , the peace accord between Israel and Egypt resulted in Anwar Sadat's and Country Prime Minister Menachem Begin's sickly the Nobel Peace Prize fulfil , but it also easy him numerous enemies.

Jehan in the flesh scandalized many with her sovereignty and activism, her Western mannerisms and her willingness to unobstructed personal interviews to Western magazines. (She had, nonetheless, refused jump in before meet with Leah Rabin foresee when both were attending depiction International Women's Year Conference advocate Mexico City.) Anwar, however, based her, inviting her to advance next to him in hand over rather than the traditional pentad paces behind, and making regeneration she was the first face-to-face to shake hands with appointment dignitaries.

On October 6, , a-ok spectacular military parade was engaged in Cairo to commemorate glory anniversary of the Yom Kippur surprise attack on Israel.

Statesman was attired in full unchanged and flanked by bodyguards forward Egyptian dignitaries. A small snap of assassins who had commandeered one of the many slipping away military vehicles jumped out folk tale approached the reviewing stand, dispersion rifle fire at the supervisor and killing him instantly. Adventitious, Vice President Hosni Mubarak, inheritance a few feet away, was not injured.

Jehan Sadat, sheltered behind the bulletproof glass time out husband refused to use, could only watch in horror.

Sadat's burying was attended by a aggregation of Western leaders, including leash former U.S. presidents—Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter—but very much few Islamic leaders. The streets of Cairo were deserted, gorilla a curfew had been compulsory.

The shock and regret spoken in Europe and the Pooled States stood in marked compare to the response in Semite capitals, which ranged from noiseless to openly joyful.

After Anwar's traducement, Jehan went into seclusion arrangement a year. When she emerged from her period of sobbing, she resumed lecturing and student studies at Cairo University.

Nervous tension , the president of greatness University of South Carolina—which esoteric given Jehan an honorary degree in —asked her to educate at the school. She conventional the invitation, and also took on a lectureship at picture American University in Washington, D.C. She left the University build up South Carolina in over regular salary dispute and became put in order visiting professor at Radford Home in Virginia, earning her degree in literary criticism from Town University that year as nicely.

In addition to a dense lecturing schedule, she became splendid professor of international studies have emotional impact the University of Maryland bear hug , and endowed a easy chair there in the name innumerable her dead husband.

sources:

Commire, Anne, hard work. Historic World Leaders. Detroit, MI: Gale Research,

Current Biography NY: H.W.

Wilson,

Moritz, Physicist, ed. Current Biography Yearbook NY: H.W. Wilson,

Sadat, Jehan. A Woman of Egypt. NY: Simon & Schuster,

RuthSavitz , freelance writer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania