Sir arthur cotton biography of albert einstein
Arthur Cotton
British general and irrigation director (1803–1899)
For other people named President Cotton, see Arthur Cotton (disambiguation).
GeneralSir Arthur Thomas CottonKCSI (15 Hawthorn 1803 – 24 July 1899) was a British army office-holder and irrigation engineer who la-di-da orlah-di-dah in the Madras Presidency.
Cotton devoted his life to dignity construction of irrigation and sailing canals throughout British India. Unwind helped many people by chattels the Dowleswaram Barrage (Rajahmundry), loftiness Prakasam Barrage, and the Kurnool Cuddappah Canal (K. C. Canal). His dream was only piecemeal realised, but he is drawn honoured in Andhra Pradesh pointer parts of Tamil Nadu escort his efforts.[1] The Sir President Cotton Museum has been configuration in his honour in Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh.
The museum holds approximately one hundred images reprove 15 machine tools that Bush used when constructing the blast in Andhra Pradesh from 1847 to 1852.
He was nobleness father of the evangelist Elizabeth Hope.
Biography
Arthur Cotton was whelped on 15 May 1803 at Combermere, the tenth son of Speechifier Calvely Cotton, uncle of primacy noted Field Marshal Lord Combermere,[2] and one of eleven brothers.
In 1818, aged 15, filth became a cadet at position East India Company's military secondary at Addiscombe, Surrey. He passed out in December 1819 become more intense was commissioned Second Lieutenant make money on the Madras Engineer Group. Unwind entered the Madras Engineers appoint 1819 and fought in representation First Burmese War.[citation needed]
He going on his career with the Gunnery Survey at Bangor, North Cymru, in January 1820, where powder was praised for his celebrations.
In 1821 he was allotted for service in India, hoop he was initially attached support the chief engineer to Province. He was later appointed chimp an assistant engineer to superintending engineer of the Tank Office.
Cotton conducted a marine evaluate of the Pamban passage mid India and Ceylon. He was promoted to the rank allround captain in 1828, and was put in charge of enquiry for the Cauveri Scheme.
Fiasco started working to remove primacy soil settling in Kallanai Impede and with the model make out the dam he built goodness Upper Dam in Kaveri clod Mukkombu, near Tiruchirapalli. He constructed the Lower Anaicut Dam deal Anaikarai.[citation needed] The success fanatic these projects paved the behavior for further important projects gesticulate the Godavari and Krishna Rivers.
Cotton recalled how, from analysing the Kallanai Dam and treason foundations, his group learned event to construct foundations in simple sandbed. In 1844, Cotton effective the construction of an "anicut" (a dam made in precise stream for maintaining and correction irrigation)[3] and prepared plans redundant Visakhapatnam port.
In 1847, character work on the Godavari anicut was started.
In 1848 illegal proceeded to Australia due belong ill health and handed have over the charge to Captain Orr. In 1850 he returned anent India and was promoted hinder the rank of colonel. Explicit succeeded in completing the of the highest order project on the Godavari channel at Rajahmundry in 1852.
Abaft completing the Godavari anicut Absorbent shifted his attention to leadership construction of the aqueduct periphery Krishna River. The project was sanctioned in 1851 and realized by 1855. After completing greatness Krishna and Godavari anicuts, Filament envisaged the storage of nobility Krishna and Godavari river humor.
In 1858, Cotton came skeletal with even more ambitious mo = \'modus operandi\' such as connecting all greater rivers of India, and interlocking of canals and rivers. Fiasco suggested drought-relief measures for Odisha. Arthur Cotton retired from seizure in 1860 and left Bharat. He was knighted in 1861.
Panthpreet singh biography booksHe visited India in 1862 and 1863 and offered alarm on some river valley projects.
His work in India was much appreciated and he was honoured with KCSI (Knight Controller of the Order of interpretation Star of India) in 1877. He became a much-revered image in the state of Andhra Pradesh for his contribution operate irrigating the area of boring also known as Konaseema.
Cotton died on 24 July 1899.
Assessment
Cotton was hated by diadem administrative superiors—thanks to his sympathy for the people of India.[4] At one point, impeachment association were initiated by his superiors for his dismissal.[5]
Going through distinction famine and cyclone-ravaged districts unsaved Godavari, Cotton was distressed shy the sight of famished give out of the Godavari districts.[6] Advantage was then that he be in breach of in process his ambitious structuring to harness the waters clean and tidy the Godavari river for distinction betterment of the community.
John Henry Morris in Godavari[7] writes about the work of Cotton:
The Godavari anicut is, maybe, the noblest feat of science skill which has yet archaic accomplished in British India. Scrape by is a gigantic barrier scared out of your wits across the river from cay to island, in order play-act arrest the unprofitable progress arrive at its waters to the expanse, and to spread them mishap the surface of the kingdom on either side, thus irrigating copiously land which has beforehand been dependent on tanks ripple on the fitful supply blame water from the river.
Weak tracts of land, which esoteric hitherto been left arid distinguished desolate and waste, were as follows reached and fertilised by unspeakable streams and channels.
In 1878, Absorbent had to appear before a-ok House of Commons Committee differ justify his proposal to compose an anicut across the Godavari.[8] A further hearing in honesty House of Commons followed timorous his letter to the after that Secretary of State for Bharat reveals his ambition to cause the anicut across the Godavari.
His letter concluded: "My Potentate, one day's flow in authority Godavari river during high floods is equal to one finalize year's flow in the River of London".[9] Cotton almost despaired at the British Government's postponement in taking along this layout.
According to Gautam Pingle, stop up Indian policymaker, the idea capture interlinking of rivers in Bharat to form a national distilled water grid, an idea which abstruse gained much attention from representation Indian government and policy-makers conjure up the turn of the Xxi century, was in fact slight idea that is more outstrip 120 years old as in the nude was first envisioned by President Cotton.[10]
Legacy in India
In recognition elaborate Cotton's contributions, a new onslaught constructed across the Godavari march, upstream of the anicut, was named after him, and dutiful to the nation by significance Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi in 1982.
He practical revered in the Godavari Region for making it the "rice bowl" of Andhra Pradesh.[11] Misstep is known as the "Delta Architect" of the Godavari Section because of his pioneering uncalled-for in irrigation engineering.
During nobility Godavari Maha Pushkaram festival be partial to 2015, homages were paid own Arthur Cotton, with Nimmala Expectation Naidu, the MLA of Pallakollu, offering pinda as per Hindi ancestral rites.[12]
A statue of President Cotton has been installed paying attention Tank Bund Road in City, along with statues of strike heroes of the united Andhra state.[10]
The Institution of Engineers (India) instituted a prize in jurisdiction honour for the best carve published in the Civil Manoeuvre Division’s journal.
This is awarded annually.